Glass Bark of Zaryadye park
Moscow, Russia
2017
Glass Bark of Zaryadye park
Moscow, Russia
2017
Structure type
Long-span structure
Project type
Culture & religion
Client
Mosinzhproyekt
Project activities
Design and calculations
Grid shell manufacturing
On site supervision
Structure type
Long-span structure
Project type
Culture & religion
Client
Mosinzhproyekt
Project activities
Design and calculations
Grid shell manufacturing
On site supervision
Canopy
8,700 m2
Overall dimensions
130 x 90m
Canopy
8,700 m2
Overall dimensions
130 x 90m
Project summary
Glass Bark is the world's largest translucent structure without supporting enclosing walls. It is a free-form shell and has overall dimensions of 130 x 90 m. The covering area of the metal frame and glass triangles is 8.7 thousand sq.m. The average length of the rod elements is 2.5 meters, the angles between them were kept as close as possible to 60 degrees. Figure 1 shows a general view of the finished structure.
The supports for this structure are free-standing three- and four-branch columns of triangular cross-section. The distance between the branches of the columns is from 12 to 20 meters. Overhangs along the perimeter of the coating have a reach of up to 6 meters. This arrangement provides maximum horizontal transparency due to the absence of walls/beams around the perimeter of the structure, and the significant distance between the supports allows for the effect of maximum open space under the Glass Bark.
Project summary
Glass Bark is the world's largest translucent structure without supporting enclosing walls. It is a free-form shell and has overall dimensions of 130 x 90 m. The covering area of the metal frame and glass triangles is 8.7 thousand sq.m. The average length of the rod elements is 2.5 meters, the angles between them were kept as close as possible to 60 degrees. Figure 1 shows a general view of the finished structure.
The supports for this structure are free-standing three- and four-branch columns of triangular cross-section. The distance between the branches of the columns is from 12 to 20 meters. Overhangs along the perimeter of the coating have a reach of up to 6 meters. This arrangement provides maximum horizontal transparency due to the absence of walls/beams around the perimeter of the structure, and the significant distance between the supports allows for the effect of maximum open space under the Glass Bark.
Key details
Material: Steel
Concept authors: Diller Scofidio + Renfro. (US)
Structure type: single layer
Form: Free form
Connection type: cylindrical nodal with straight pipe
Awards:
Key details
Material: Steel
Concept authors: Diller Scofidio + Renfro. (US)
Structure type: single layer
Form: Free form
Connection type: cylindrical nodal with straight pipe
Awards:
To ensure additional transparency of the structures towards Red Square and the Kremlin, a zone of steel rods and glass ribs was made. The latter has dimensions of 200 x 56 (width) mm. At the same time, the interface nodes are designed in such a way that they allow the load from them to be transferred to the steel frame without reverse interaction. That is, glass structures can absorb the load from their weight, from snow, from wind and temperature influences and transfer it to the steel frame, but at the same time, the deformation of the latter does not have an additional effect on the glass ribs.
To ensure additional transparency of the structures towards Red Square and the Kremlin, a zone of steel rods and glass ribs was made. The latter has dimensions of 200 x 56 (width) mm. At the same time, the interface nodes are designed in such a way that they allow the load from them to be transferred to the steel frame without reverse interaction. That is, glass structures can absorb the load from their weight, from snow, from wind and temperature influences and transfer it to the steel frame, but at the same time, the deformation of the latter does not have an additional effect on the glass ribs.
Another feature of the coating structures is the fact that all its elements are in different operating conditions, this is influenced by the following factors:
– the calculated snow load in different zones varies from 200 to 450 kg/m2;
– standard wind load in different zones varies from -30 to +20 kg/m2;
– the presence of a window area with glass ribs;
– distance from the supports, span between adjacent supports, as well as the size of the cantilever (due to the location of the drainage tray along the perimeter with a load of 250 kg/m.p.).
To take into account all these factors, as well as to ensure the minimization of sections and unification of structures, the elements of the steel frame are designed with different sections:
– rolled sections 120x80x7 (used in the ridge zone with minimal load, as well as to make the structure lighter);
– rolled sections with a cross-section of 200x100x8 (these rods are used in areas with medium load in places with an inclination of more than 20 degrees relative to the horizontal surface);
– rolled and welded with a section of 300x100x10 (12), a section of 350x110, 400x160 (these elements are used on flat surfaces, as well as in areas with the greatest accumulation of snow);
– rods of variable height section 200-300 x 100; 200-350 x 110; 300-350 x 100; 300-400 x 100.
Elements of the structural covering, variable in height of the box-section, are made in order to provide greater architectural expressiveness, as well as to absorb increased forces in the area of support on the columns. To ensure this condition, the rods are made according to an individual design and welded. In this case, the width of the shelves is constant, and the height of the wall is variable. This condition made it possible to maximally relieve the weld seams of the support units and at the same time make a smooth architectural transition from welded units to bolted units, which have a lower sectional height. It should be noted that the maximum height of the cross-section of the nodes falls on the supports (column heads), since in these zones the maximum bending moment (up to 60 tf x m), with increasing distance from the support, the forces decrease sharply, allowing the cross-section at the other end to be reduced, as well as perform a bolted connection.
To connect beams of different sections, welded (for support nodes) and bolted (for ordinary nodes) node connectors are used. All bolted connections are made using two types of connectors: solid section and built-up section. The latter make it possible to connect elements of any height, while ensuring metal savings and reducing the time for producing structures in the factory.
In the most loaded areas (column heads), welded connectors with a built-in section are used (see Fig. 8). These units are distinguished by an increased section height, the use of high-strength steel 10ХСНД (С390), as well as the connection of adjacent pipes by welding, which allows achieving maximum strength and rigidity indicators.
To successfully complete all of the above tasks, special attention was paid to the construction of the grid geometry at the design stage. The main task was to create elements with maximum unification in length and area. For this purpose, a parametric model of the Crust was created in the Rhinoceros/Grasshopper software package. It made it possible, at the early stages of design, to obtain a shell surface that was completely changeable to the original data, as well as to parameterize mesh shell objects (rod elements, nodes, panels, etc.). And choose the most optimal
Another feature of the coating structures is the fact that all its elements are in different operating conditions, this is influenced by the following factors:
– the calculated snow load in different zones varies from 200 to 450 kg/m2;
– standard wind load in different zones varies from -30 to +20 kg/m2;
– the presence of a window area with glass ribs;
– distance from the supports, span between adjacent supports, as well as the size of the cantilever (due to the location of the drainage tray along the perimeter with a load of 250 kg/m.p.).
To take into account all these factors, as well as to ensure the minimization of sections and unification of structures, the elements of the steel frame are designed with different sections:
– rolled sections 120x80x7 (used in the ridge zone with minimal load, as well as to make the structure lighter);
– rolled sections with a cross-section of 200x100x8 (these rods are used in areas with medium load in places with an inclination of more than 20 degrees relative to the horizontal surface);
– rolled and welded with a section of 300x100x10 (12), a section of 350x110, 400x160 (these elements are used on flat surfaces, as well as in areas with the greatest accumulation of snow);
– rods of variable height section 200-300 x 100; 200-350 x 110; 300-350 x 100; 300-400 x 100.
Elements of the structural covering, variable in height of the box-section, are made in order to provide greater architectural expressiveness, as well as to absorb increased forces in the area of support on the columns. To ensure this condition, the rods are made according to an individual design and welded. In this case, the width of the shelves is constant, and the height of the wall is variable. This condition made it possible to maximally relieve the weld seams of the support units and at the same time make a smooth architectural transition from welded units to bolted units, which have a lower sectional height. It should be noted that the maximum height of the cross-section of the nodes falls on the supports (column heads), since in these zones the maximum bending moment (up to 60 tf x m), with increasing distance from the support, the forces decrease sharply, allowing the cross-section at the other end to be reduced, as well as perform a bolted connection.
To connect beams of different sections, welded (for support nodes) and bolted (for ordinary nodes) node connectors are used. All bolted connections are made using two types of connectors: solid section and built-up section. The latter make it possible to connect elements of any height, while ensuring metal savings and reducing the time for producing structures in the factory.
In the most loaded areas (column heads), welded connectors with a built-in section are used (see Fig. 8). These units are distinguished by an increased section height, the use of high-strength steel 10ХСНД (С390), as well as the connection of adjacent pipes by welding, which allows achieving maximum strength and rigidity indicators.
To successfully complete all of the above tasks, special attention was paid to the construction of the grid geometry at the design stage. The main task was to create elements with maximum unification in length and area. For this purpose, a parametric model of the Crust was created in the Rhinoceros/Grasshopper software package. It made it possible, at the early stages of design, to obtain a shell surface that was completely changeable to the original data, as well as to parameterize mesh shell objects (rod elements, nodes, panels, etc.). And choose the most optimal
CONTACT
UAE:
Novosibirsk, Russia:
Moscow, Russia:
St Petersburg, Russia:
© Space Frame Structures, 2002 - 2024
Space Frame Structures, is a trading name of Parametric Building Systems LLC
W4-SO9, Shed No.25, Al Hulaila Industrial Zone-FZ, RAK, UAE, registration number 0000004036202
CONTACT
UAE:
Novosibirsk, Russia:
Moscow, Russia:
St Petersburg, Russia:
© Space Frame Structures, 2002 - 2024
Space Frame Structures is a trading name of Parametric Building Systems LLC
W4-SO9, Shed No.25, Al Hulaila Industrial Zone-FZ, RAK, UAE, registration number 0000004036202
CONTACT
UAE:
Novosibirsk, Russia:
Moscow, Russia:
St Petersburg, Russia:
© Space Frame Structures, 2002 - 2024
Space Frame Structures, is a trading name of Parametric Building Systems LLC
W4-SO9, Shed No.25, Al Hulaila Industrial Zone-FZ, RAK, UAE, registration number 0000004036202